Sentence Arrangement PQRS Quiz 17

1. It is true
P. born to be happy but
Q. we are born
R. that we are not
S. to seek happiness
6. seizing every opportunity.

1. Indiscriminate industrialization resulted
P. as the rural
Q. in cities in search
R. in urban migration
S. poor settled
6. of opportunities.

1. There are some stores
P. that make it easy
Q. who have
R. with reasonable goods
S. for people
6. a limited budget.

1.The transition from
P. school to college
Q. meet it
R. so one must
S. is demanding
6. without expectations.

1. The Railways have launched
P. where one can find
Q. on a Google map
R. an online application
S. the exact location of 6,500 trains
6. on a real time basis.

1. A man is born alone
P. good and bad
Q. he experiences the
R. and dies alone, and
S. consequences of 6. his actions alone.

1. In the first years of his reign, Asoka was an autocrat.
P. The effect over the slaughter on his mind was profound.
Q. He was successful b u t thousands were slain in the battle.
R. About the ninth year he decided to conquer Kalinga.
S. This caused a sudden change of his heart.
6. He joined the Buddhist community and became a monk.

1. Vegetarianism promotes a natural way of life.
P. A vegetarian’s life-style is natural and healthy.
Q. Despite it s message of universal love and non – violence, it has not spread.
R. It is best cultivated in the mind.
S. This may be because it is an inward looking habit.
6. Food and health are closely related.

1. Optimism is not a deep, complicated philosophy.
P. In some persons it is an inborn trait.
Q. In fact, it is always taking a positive and bright view of life.
R. It is more of a general attitude of life.
S. They are tuned that way by nature and temperament.
6. However in most cases it is an acquired and nurtured habit.

1. Our life is full of ups and downs.
P. They too had problems in their lives.
Q. When we face failures we are often disheartened.
R. They fought against all odds and achieved success.
S. The lives of great men inspire us.
6. By following them we can overcome crises.

1. We should plan our leisure carefully.
P. The activity we choose should make us happy.
Q. We should choose some interesting and useful activity.
R. It should in crease our confidence.
S. We should then work at it during our leisure.
6. That is the way to be healthy, wealthy and happy.

1. The majority of children world-wide who are out of schools are girls.
P. She marries much later in life and has fewer children.
Q. A working woman spends 90% of her income on the family.
R. An educated woman acquires self-respect and confidence.
S. Child mortality drops and fewer cases of mothers die in child-birth.
6. So when you educate a woman the benefits cascade across the society.

1. Architecture began
P. to build their own shelters
Q. on ready-made ones
R. when early people started
S. rather than relying
6. such as trees and caves.

1. People are like potatoes.
P. It is only after potatoes have been sorted and bagged that they are loaded onto trucks.
Q. After potatoes have been harvested, they have to be spread out and sorted in order to get the maximum market dollar.
R. This is the method that all Idaho potato farmers use – all but one.
S. They are divided according to size -big, medium and small.
6. One farmer never bothered to sort the potatoes.

1. Rani Padmini was a Rajput Queen.
P. Allaudin Khilji invaded India and reached the gates of Chittor, the capital city of the Rajputs.
Q. But, the Rajputs under Rani Padmini fought like tigers.
R. Khilji attacked Chittor again, and rushed into the fort, only to be stunned.
S. Khilji desired to capture Chittor and its beautiful Queen, Rani Padmini.
6. The Rani and the other women had burnt themselves alive.

1. Fires in t he Steppes or bushes scared h um an s earlier.
P. Gradually, they learnt to appreciate the power of fire.
Q. I t gave them light an d warmth and kept away wild animals.
R. About 700,000 years ago, humans started fire accidentally by lightning.
S. They could harden the tips of wooden spears and cook meat in it.
6. Soon they learnt to produce fire by striking Flintstone and pyrite with each other or by rubbing lumbers.

1. There are a lot of ways to communicate speaking, singing, clapping, hooting.
P. Even animals communicate with one another.
Q. Only humans can express their thoughts and feelings in words because of our superior brain.
R. Both humans and animals also communicate through body language
S. But their ways differ from the humans.
6. Sometimes we don’ t use words but make gestures (like traffic sign s) or simple movements of the hand in order to communicate.

1. Sherlock Holmes is the
P. who is in a state of grace
Q. is raised to the status.
R. because in him scientific curiosity
S. exceptional individual
6. of a heroic passion.

1. The goals of our present system
P. schooling is to prepare
Q. students for the examination system
R. which will take them to the
S. of primary and secondary
6. best technical institutions in the country.

1. Egotism is the most common fault of mankind.
P. However, with time it becomes an exaggerated form of self display.
Q. It is the product of a perfectly natural desire to display oneself.
R. This is necessary as it impairs the personality and frustrates all efforts at self improvement.
S. Beyond any shadow of doubt, it is a defect that ought to be constantly hunted down, and scotched.
6. One should always be on guard not to give into egotism.

1. When the Impressionists
P. they made them look like
Q. everyday and often putting
R. people you would see
S. painted pictures of people
6. more emphasis on the scene.

1. Science is concerned with finding out how things actually happen.
P. He showed that a light object falls to the ground at the same rate as a heavy object.
Q. It does not mean laying down principles as to how they ought to happen.
R. This did not agree with the views of most learned men of that time.
S. The most famous example of this concerns Galileo’s discovery about falling bodies.
6. But Galileo proved his point experimentally by dropping weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa.

1. After inventing dynamite, Alfred Nobel became a rich man.
P. He created a fund just two weeks before his death.
Q. Alfred did not want to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite.
R. H e apprehended its universally destructive power too late.
S. Prizes are given from this fun d to people for their enormous contributions to humanity.
6. Nobel prizes for various disciplines are awarded each year on the anniversary of his death.

1. The pungent vapour that is released
P. which make our eyes stream and nose run,
Q. contains irritant chemicals
R. when we chop onions
S. eases congestion as well as
6. flushes out virus particles.

1. Miss Sullivan led Helen into her room and gave her a doll.
P. Helen was simply making her fingers go in monkey-like imitation.
Q. Miss Sullivan tried to make Helen understand that ‘d-o-l- l’ applied to both.
R. Miss Sullivan spelled the word ‘d-o-l-l’ on to Helen’s hand.
S. Miss Sullivan put her big rag doll into her lap and also spelled ‘d-o-l-l’.
6. Her teacher had been with her several weeks before Hel en understood that everything has a name.

1. Marie chose to study Physics
P. that investigates the four forces at work
Q. in the universe
R. which is a branch of science
S. both on a large scale, as in the solar system
6. or on a small scale, as in atoms.

1. A proposal has been made
P. tourists will continue to visit game parks
Q. to-trim the horns of rhinos to discourage poachers
R. and the question is whether
S. t o see rhinos once the animals’ horns
6. have been trimmed.

1. Sapp h o was on e of the greatest and earliest of women poets.
P. Whatever we know about her poetry today is from t he quotations found in the works of others.
Q. She lived on the island of Lesbos in the late 600’s BC.
R. Most of Sappho’s works – about 10 books of verse have been destroyed.
S. Only one of her poems has survived in its complete form.
6. Without doubt, she was one of the best lyric poets of Ancient Greece.

1. Most men spend most of their lives looking after and waiting upon machines.
P. They must be fed well and kept at right temperatures.
Q. They might burst with rage and blow up causing ruin.
R. If they do not get their meals they refuse to work.
S. Machines are every stern masters.
6. So, men need to wait upon machines attentively.

1 .Books have been present since the time the first scripts were formed — about 5000 years ago.
P. The books of that time looked different from the ones available today.
Q. Then an important invention, letter press printing, also known as ‘black art’ changed the world.
R. Later, the books came in the form of rollers, or texts were stapled together and covered with a wooden book cover.
S. Initially, people bound the small clay tablets together with leather bands.
6. There was no longer the need to write text by hand; instead copies of text could be made with the help of a printing press.

1. The harnessing of our rivers
P. is a great national problem
Q. the waters of which
R. which must be considered
S. now mostly run to waste
6. and dealt with on national lines.

1. Many people drive
P. hopelessly jammed
Q. their own cars to work
R. the roads would become
S. but if everyone did this
6. especially during rush-hours.

1. I realize that peace and
P. security are rightful aims,
Q. violent adventure is probably
R. and that my own desire for
S. merely an adaptation to the
6. age in which I live.

1. The first illness I read about was cholera.
P. I sat for a while, too frightened to move.
Q. I came to malaria.
R. As I read t h e list of symptoms, it seemed to me that perhaps I had cholera myself.
S. Then, in a kind of dream, I started to turn the pages of the book again.
6. Yes, there was no doubt about it — I had malaria too.

1. Lata was caught in a traffic jam.
P. Would she really have to miss the interview ?
Q. But the vehicles on either side looked as though they would be there forever.
R. The reason was that she was due t o appear for an interview in less than half- an-hour.
S. She was fretting : she could not afford to be late.
6. Or, worse — would she arrive late and create a bad first impression ?

1. When you are debating whether to
P. but also helps you stay
Q. take your evening walk or skip it
R. not only keeps your weight in check
S. remember that taking a long a walk
6. calm and relaxed.

1. The enzymes in washing powder
P. making them able to survive
Q. come from bacteria
R. to live in hot springs
S. that have evolved
6. the rigours of the hot cycle.

1. The lion used to be very widely distributed in Africa and Asia.
P. There are special forest zones set aside for wild-life in various countries.
Q. Indiscriminate killing has caused the number to fall.
R. Today they are a relatively rare species.
S. If the species survives at all, it will be only in national parks.
6. No hunting is permitted in such reserved areas.

1. After the tornado had hit the coastal areas,
P. my house was gone,
Q. I became a pauper overnight
R. my fields were completely destroyed,
S. my livestock was lost and
6. though m y neighbor’s house remained untouched.

1. Many scientists are working on safer and better ways to kill mosquitoes.
P. Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help.
Q. Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, etc.
R. Mosquito nets can be used for protection.
S. But, there is no sure way to protect everyone from their deadly bites.
6. This is a natural solution.

1. The spider fell seven times to reach its goal but didn’t give up hope.
P. The king learnt a lesson from the spider.
Q. It tried again and this time it succeeded in reaching the top.
R. Then he attacked his enemies repeatedly.
S. He appealed to the people for help and collected soldiers to form a large army.
6. At last he won the battle and got back his kingdom.

1. A few workmen came to cut down the tree.
P. It took them all morning.
Q. They did not know what to do with the roots.
R. It was not an easy job to cut down such a huge tree.
S. They decided that the roots had to be dug out.
6. At last the tree was lying on the ground.

1. A mob went berserk at R G Kar Hospital on Friday.
P. The agitators also smashed equipment and windows of the hospital.
Q. The boy had died on the operating table soon after being administered anaesthesia.
R. This happened after the death of a 15 year old boy.
S. The victim’s relatives and neighbours clashed with the police.
6. Work at the hospital stopped for the rest of the day.

1. Children are not the only ones who can fly kites.
P. In some countries like Malaysia, there are kite festivals.
Q. These experts are mostly adult amateur kite fliers.
R. Kite flying is a good leisure activity for parents with their children.
S. Self designed kites are flown by ex pert s du r i n g su ch times.
6. Some of them play music too.

1. The motor car is one of the useful gifts of modern science.
P. One of these is the smoke and pollution that it creates.
Q, It has made short and medium distance journeys fast and comfortable.
R. The other is that it has made journey by road hazardous.
S. Yet we cannot say that a mo- tor car is a blessing without disadvantages.
6. Finally, in this age of energy crisis, a personal car is an expensive object to maintain.

1. A mule began to day dream that he was a good runner as his mother was a race horse.
P. The master sat on the mule, whipped him hard because he was in a hurry to reach the market.
Q. He started running across the field.
R. Forced to run faster, the mu l e collapsed on the ground.
S. When his master saw him running fast he thought that his mule was a good runner.
6. He thought, “ Though my mother was a race horse but my father was only a don- key.”

1. Thomas Alva Edison was born on 11 February 1847.
P. In 1869, he borrowed a small amount of money and became freelance inventor.
Q. He soon became fascinated with electrical currents.
R. Hewasalways an inquisitive boy.
S. He created the world’s first industrial research laboratory.
6. He was indeed one of the out- standing geniuses the world had.

1. Gulliver landed on the shores of Lilliput.
P. He planned to carry Gulliver to the capital city.
Q. The Lilliputians put anointment on Gulliver’ s wounds.
R. He fell asleep thereafter.
S. The Emperor of the land was informed.
6. It alleviated all the pain and discomfort.

1. Phillip is a 55 year old blind man.
P. He enjoys the sweet smell it- self.
Q. He can smell a rose but can’t tell its colour.
R. He has been blind since birth.
S. It does not matter to him.
6. People sometimes pity him but he tells them he is happy.

1. The Olympic games started in Greece 2000 years back.
P. They were held in Athens.
Q. The modern Olympics was resurrected by a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin.
R. Danny Boyle’s show triumphed over the Beijing Olympic Opening Ceremony.
S. The 2012 Olympics venue was London.
6. The Queen played a surprising but much appreciated role in it.

1. Abanidranath Tagore was the leading painter of Bengal.
P. He tried to modernise Mughal and Rajput styles to offset their influence.
Q. He countered the British Raj through his paintings.
R. He succeeded and his style was accepted as a natural Indian style.
S. During his timewestern model of art was taught in the schools.
6. Above all this great painter was a nephew of Rabindranath Tagore.

1. The highway bypass would have disastrous effects on the area’s home owners.
P. Finally the new road would cause residential properties to depreciate.
Q. What is more, home owners would have to deal with the increased noise and pollu- tion.
R. This would increase vehicles in the neighbourhood.
S. The new road would cut directly through the middle of the subdivision.
6. This means that families who chose to move away would have to sell their homes for far less than their current value.

1. Other than Rome, Philadelphia has maximum number of murals.
P. Jane Golden started a programme pairingg troubled youths with artists to paint murals.
Q. Young people got involved in creating magnificent pieces of art.
R. The benefit could immediately be discovered.
S. The young people became more responsible.
6. As a result, the mural programme became a model for other US cities seeking to help troubled youth.

1. According to Greek mythol- ogy, Atlas was a Titan of enormous strength.
P. Zeus ordered Atlas to carry the earth and sky for all eter- nity.
Q. Because of his association with the globe, maps be- gan to be decorated with this image of Atlas.
R. At l as i s sh own as a stooped figure carrying the globe on his shoulders.
S. Finally, the word ‘atlas’ came to denote a collection of maps.
6. Today an ‘atlas’ refers to any book that consists of sever- al maps.

1. At the age of four, Jagadish Chandra Bose was sent to a village ‘Pathshala’.
P. This step proved beneficial to the boy, for he thus be- came familiar with his moth- er tongue and learnt to read and write it.
Q. This was very unusual be- cause a man of his father’s status was expected to send his son to an English school.
R. He also became acquainted with some of the rich trea- sures of Indian culture.
S. He mixed with children of all castes and lost the sense of class superiority.
6. His mother, too, reinforced what he learnt and did at school.

1. A devastating earthquake struck Maharashtra and parts of Karnataka.
P. The communication network cut off the quake hit villages from the rest of the world.
Q. The quake measured 6.6 on the Richter scale.
R. Ten thousand people were killed and an equal number of people were injured.
S. 40 villages of Maharashtra were destroyed completely.
6. 10 medical team s of t he Army were sent from Mum- bai to the devastated zone.

1. Child labourers are pos- ing a grave problem be- fore India.
P. Children are paid low wages and the heinous opportun- ism of employers leads to the employment of children.
Q. The government is indiffer- ent to this problem and com- mon people lack awareness in guarding against this so- cial crime.
R. It is the extreme poverty of parents that leads children to earn at a minor age.
S. The illiteracy of parents is also responsible for this evil.
6. For the solution of this prob- lem we need a thorough eco- nomic reform and the spread of literacy.

1. The main reason behind Glo- bal Warming is the emission of greenhouse gases like car- bon dioxide and methane.
P. The ozone layer of the earth is depleted by cosmic re- search resulting in the warm- ing of the atmosphere.
Q. Burning of fuels in cars and factories results in the emis- sion of harmful gases in the air.
R. Cosmic oriented research work and test fire of atom bombs are also the causes of Global Warming.
S. As a result of the rise in the temperature, polar ice-caps and ice-bergs melt down and the water level in seas and rivers swells.
6. Natural disasters like Tsuna- mi, earthquake may also re- sult from Global Warming.

1. The telescope, originally in- vented by a Dutch spectacle maker Hans Lippersky was kept a secret.
P. He made a high powered tele- scope from lenses got from spectacle makers.
Q. Then in 1609, Galileo heard about the invention.
R. He presented a telescope of a higher power to the Vene- tian Senate.
S. He conducted his own ex- periments and discovered the secret within 24 hours.
6. Galileo became famous as the inventor of the telescope because he made it popular.

(A) to understand
(B) to many people
(C) threatening and even impos- sible
(D) grammar appears

(A) a lazy sulky
(B) the rascal is
(C) him at arms length
(D) good for–nothing, keep

(A) into the office
(B) someone broke
(C) highly confidential letters
(D) and stole some

(A) the public
(B) aim is to educate
(C) the NGOS’s
(D) about the danger of smoking

(A) although a great scientist
(B)Einstein was weak in arithmetic
(C) right from his school days
(D) it has been established that

(A) people blame others for their misdeeds
(B) of the present-day-World arise
(C) most of the troubles
(D) from the fact that instead of doing their duty

(A) his writings are so philosophical
(B) to read between the lines
(C) that it is sometimes difficult
(D) and find out what he wants to convey

(A) choice of goals that are not
(B) wisdom is equally needed
(C) only beneficient but also attainable
(D) in private life in the

(A) to raise their status
(B) from others
(C) and to gain acceptance
(D) people follow fashion

(A) have some influence on
(B) alter much of his natural bent
(C) no doubt, education and sorroundings
(D) the direction of a man’s life; but they do not

(A) reasons for this failure
(B) one of the principal
(C) dare not take risks
(D) is that many people

(A) whole of last year
(B) twice
(C) during the
(D) I only went fishing

(A) avaulable aid to education
(B) the cinema offers
(C) not only amusement
(D) but is also

(A) well skilled in his job
(B) he is a capable person..
(C) but his roughness of a rustic nature
(D) devalues his achievements

(A) just to prove
(B) disparaging each new production
(C) no one liked their caustically
(D) the playwright’s worthlessness

(A) inside the auditorium
(B) other people
(C) apart from us
(D) there were several

(A) for some time
(B) which is troublesome
(C) the weather becomes cool and pleasant
(D) though there is humidity in it

(A) has only spread to other parts of the world recently
(B) mango has been commericially cultivated
(C) for many years, although its cultivation
(D) in the IndoBurma Malayan region of southeast Asia

(A) he did not take revenge on Ravi
(B) though he had
(C) as he was magnanimous
(D) done great harm to him

(A) can make Indian farmers active
(B) growth of industries,
(C) throughout the year
(D) in cities around the villages

A. explained angrily
B. the bricklayer
C. leaving the site
D. his reasons for

A. which had some
B. had no use
C. I found a firm
D. components for which they

A. the most suitable materials
B. because that is
C. it of wood
D. we made

A. get some peace
B. he left home
C. his parents could
D. in order that

A. coal as a fuel
B. in place of wood
C. during this period
D. people were beginning to use

A. try to use the camera
B. carefully
C. before you
D. read the manual

A. are not allowed
B. to change to a different class
C. unless there is a special reason
D. students

A. she had taken a seat
B. I put a woolen rug
C. after
D. over her knees

A. undoubtedly to be
B. our aim
C. it ought
D. to raise the minds of the natives

A. indeed
B. that he might have passed
C. he was
D. so eloquent

A. She arrived where Gerard’s branch started.
B. His heart stood still.
C. The bear was mounti n g steadily uphill.
D. But then he thanked God.

A. While a student in London he began to take an interest in contemporary politics.
B. Wells was a British author and one of the earliest writers of science fiction.
C. But he later received a scholarship to study science in London.
D. He came from a lower middle-class family and was apprentice to a draper at the age of fifteen.

A. tends to create havoc
B. even in small quantities
C. the regular use of alcohol
D. in many organs of the body

A. I learned to walk and to talk
B. Time passed
C. I began to notice things
D. I remember my mother with her pretty hair and youthful figure unlike Peggoty

A. I was about to examine the hull which formed on deck a kind of horizon platform.
B. Daybreak appeared.
C. Suddenly, I felt it gradually sinking.
D. The morning mists surrounded us, but they soon cleared off.

A. It came upon me and buried me deep in its own body and carried me swiftly towards the sea.
B. I soon found it impossible to avoid it.
C. I saw the sea come after me as high as a great hill and as furious as an enemy.
D. I got upon my feet and endeavoured to make towards the land as fast as possible before another wave should return.

A. At first glance all I could discern was a massive stone table running down its length.
B. This apartment was not nearly so well lighted as the vast stalactite ante-cave.
C. I stared down the passage and found myself in a gloomy apartment some 20 feet long, which in some past age had been hollowed out by hand out of the mountain.
D. Next, I discovered a brown thing seated on the table in the centre.

A. At last, having used up every tower, they wrote ‘H. East’ and ‘T. Brown’ on the minute hand of the great clock.
B. So they climbed the walls to the top of the school, and found a number of tennis balls.
C. In doing so, they held up the minute hand and so upset the clock’s timing.
D. They liked i t so much up there that they went back again and spent their time carving their names on the top of every tower.

A. Tagore pointed out various evils of society of the time.
B. And the beginning of the twentieth century were very tradition-bound.
C. The Indian people in the nineteenth
D. Through the Brahmo Samaj he tried to abolish evil customs like child-marriage and caste system.

A. The phantom head created by t he witches warned hi m against Macduff.
B. The second time they gave him some very ambiguous hope.
C. But a bloody child and a child crowned with a golden crown encouraged him to be bold and proud.
D. When Macbeth met the weird sisters or witches.

(A) We can give him
(B) and let him do nothing
(C) to lock up a man
(D) is one of the cruelest punishments

(A) Until they have come
(B) some take no thought
(C) to the end of it
(D) of the value of time

(A) To the undertaking
(B) may very well be compared
(C) of a journey
(D) the process of learning

(A) Half its beauty and usefulness
(B) knowledge would lose
(C) without hard toil
(D) if we could acquire it

(A) Purity of our lives depends on
(B) much of the happiness and
(C) of our companions and friends
(D) our making a wise choice

(A) On earth have not
(B) the noblest deeds
(C) been done for gold
(D) that have been done

(A) Is often worse than
(B) to make him sad
(C) to hurt a person’s heart,
(D) breaking his head

(A) A right to equal opportunity
(B) while we are born equal
(C) all have not the same capacity
(D) meaning that we have

(A) Bestowed with indifference
(B) with kind words is much more
(C) a small gift accompanied
(D) acceptable than a large gift

(A) He was a versatile writer who
(B) that are all considered the best in their spheres
(C) Tagore was a poet before everything else but
(D) wrote novels, dramas, essays, and short stories

(A) With reluctance
(B) of his kindly
(C) and faithful Persian friend
(D) he accepted the invitation

(A) Stubbornly refused
(B) the thief almost
(C) his hands up or he would shoot
(D) when the policeman told him to keep

(A) Shall have shifted
(B) of this month we
(C) by the end
(D) to owe new house

(A) Asked me what I was and where I was bound for
(B) I met with a very aged man who
(C) of the hill called difficulty
(D) when I came to the foot

(A) My actions towards him
(B) he told me several things
(C) had been felt to be very unkind
(D) and one of them was that

(A) And never got uncoiled
(B) out of which interminable serpents
(C) it was a town of machinery and tall chimneys
(D) of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever

(A) Use a fairly good quality cotton
(B) as the thread is inserted in the needle’s eye
(C) or nylon thread so that
(D) the strands do not unravel

(A) The blossoming flowers and weakening the roots of our society
(B) drug addiction
(C) which is eating away
(D) is the monster

(A) From the mountains
(B) to see the gentle flow
(C) of the river
(D) it is very pleasant

(A) In the winter time
(B) the 2022 World Cup in Qatar
(C) would best be staged
(D) will not be held in June and July but

1. It i s expected that every Burmese boy will become novice at a pagoda for a short time.
P. My parents used to bring me breakfast in the morning.
Q. My head was shaved and I put on the yellow robe.
R. Every day I got up at five thirty.
S. When I was eleven I went to a monastery near my home.
6. That was a special privilege the novices had.

1. As a boy Charles Darwin showed no promise to be a good student.
P. He was a failure at school.
Q. He had greater interest in flowers, birds and stories about them.
R. The narrow old fashioned syllabus of his school was dull to him.
S. So he was a problem for his parents.
6. His father then sent him to study medicine to carry on the family profession.

1. The programme examines the four great inventions,
P. cell phones, cars, planes and sky scrapers
Q. the people, processes, ideas and eureka moments
R. The programme celebrates
S. that define and continually shape the modern world,
6. that have led to their development.

1. Many people like to eat pizza, but not everyone knows how to make it.
P. However, these are ways for making a basic version at home.
Q. Then you must add sauce and cheese.
R. Making the perfect pizza can be complicated.
S. When you make pizza, begin with the crust.
6. The best part of making pizza at home is that you can customize it.

1. Archimedes was a famous Greek mathematician, physicist and inventor,
P. Then attached one end of the rope over it to a heavily laden ship.
Q. King Hieron had doubts about Archimedes claim that he could lift great weights with ease with the help of pulleys.
R. He handed the other end of the rope to the king and asked him to pull it gently.
S. To prove him right, Archimedes constructed a multiple pulley.
6. The king pulled it and to his great astonishment, the ship was lifted out of water.

1. Valence sat behind driver’s seat in her blue car.
P. Them archers, suddenly broke out into a noise like a cheering football crowd.
Q. As she watched , aloud racket began.
R. It went on and on.
S. The men swung their spoons and ladles and spatulas and drummed on cars and canisters.
6. An endless monotonous ‘clang–clang–clang’ rose up from all sides.

1. Most libraries divide the catalogue cards into two.
P. On the other hand if one wishes to find a book on a specific subject, subject cards can be consulted.
Q. Apart from author, title and subject, these cards can also contain other necessary information.
R. If one knows the author or title, the book can be located with the author cards.
S. They are author and t it le cards in one and the subject cards in the other.
6. This includes publisher and year of publication.

1. I stopped just outside the door of the hut.
P. It was made dimmer by a thick pall of smoke that filled the room.
Q. The first thing I did then was to dash towards the boarded window and tear down the boards.
R. Before venturing into it, I allowed a minute to pass to get my eyes accustomed to the dim light.
S. As I finally stepped in to the murky space, I could discern the wasted frame of my old friend on the bed.
6. The dingy room, dangerously suffocating so far, was being filled with fresh air and pale sunbeams

1. Nicolas Chauvin,
P. he became the laughing stock of all Europe thereafter
Q. a soldier of French empire so vociferously and uneasingly
R. and this exaggerated and blatant patriot was
S. aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte that
6. known as a chauvinist.

1. Alternative medicine is, by definition, an alternative to modern, western medicine.
P. Rather, they consider their disciplines as supplementary to orthodox medicine.
Q. The problem is that many doctors refuse to recognize alternative medicine.
R. But the term ‘alternative’ can be misleading.
S. Few practitioners of homeopathy, ayurveda etc. regard their therapies as substitutes for modern medicine.
6. However, the demand for alternative forms of medical therapy is stronger than ever before.

1. Small is big for quick service restaurants.
P. Raising product prices may not fare well now.
Q. Companies are luring consumers by introducing “affordable” products.
R. They are also shedding their “niche image”.
S. Companies admit that sales are lower compared to the previous year.
6. Companies are focusing on small packs to boost volume
growth.

1. This practitioner is a member of
P. by massage and other manipulative procedures a technique.
Q. the profession that originated in 1874 when Andrew T. still
R. based on the theory that illness may be caused by the undue pressure
S. devised a drugless technique of curing diseases
6. of displaced bones on nerves and blood vessels.

1. Few men can exert the full power of their intellect
P. and of course the injury done to the health
Q. at the time when nature prescribes sleep
R. must in the long run have a bad effect
S. without ruining their health thereby,
6. on the quality of work done.

1. Derozio was a very bright student who often stood first in English and other subjects and got gold medals.
P. Derazio was a brilliant teacher.
Q. Students had great respect for this young teacher.
R. He became a teacher of Hindu college (now presidency University) in the year 1826.
S. He was 17 years old then and some of his students were even older than him.
6. Some student s of senior classes also came to attend his lectures.

1. Shark fin soup is one of the cruelest dishes in the world.
P. Then they are thrown back into the water.
Q. The poor sharks are trapped.
R. They usually bleed to death or drown.
S. Their fins are sliced off.
6. As m any as 73 million sharks meet this fate every year.

1. It is not uncommon for close synonyms to be understood to share the same memory.
P. The difference between words like ‘hard’ and ‘difficult’ goes unnoticed.
Q. One may employ one or other with complete indifference.
R. In general this is well and good.
S. Most people lack the linguistic sense to quibble over such trifles.
6. But for most of us it is of no less significance.

1. It is surprising to note that
P. AIDS and SARS may hog news headlines
Q. that kill the most
R. but it is heart attacks
S. people in India every year. 6. This is something to be noted

1. The new government was formed.
P. Now an administrator runs the show.
Q. The secretary has now announced a change of intentions.
R. Then the earlier board was disbanded.
S. They plan to hand down the cooperative to some private player.
6. Thus the State transport minister plans to revive the water transportation system

1. The government on Thursday
P. which was imposed to check
Q. that led to exodus of northeast people
R. withdrew the ban on bulk SMS and MMS
S. the spread of rumors related to the violence in Assam
6. from Bangalore, Chennai, Mumbai and Pune.

1. Trees have many uses.
P. They give us fruit, wood, gum, oil, medicines and spices.
Q. Forest keep the air cool and bring rain.
R. Trees give u s many other useful things.
S. Trees give out oxygen and maintain the level of oxygen in the air.
6. We can take shelter under the trees in the scorching summer sun

1. Once upon a time I went to Scotland.
P. I found my flesh creep as I walked down its sinister corridor.
Q. There, in a castle in the dark, misty highlands, actually a modest hotel in Edinburgh,
R. and the next morning he’d been found with his throat slit.
S. We’d had dinner with Jock Mc. Arthur only the previous night,
6. The chill finger of suspicion pointed at all of us.

1. The world is stunned with the news that 44 year old Steeve Irwin is no more.
P. He was shooting in the Great Barrier Reef of Queensland.
Q. He is killed by the poisoned barb of a huge sting ray.
R. The incident took place at about 11 am.
S. He was shooting an underwater documentary film.
6. Irwin was brought to the surface unconscious.

1. Nalanda became India’s famous centre of education.
P. Ten thou sand Buddhist monks used to live there.
Q. It is situated near the town of Bihar Sharif.
R. The ruins of Nalanda can still be seen.
S. It was visited by the Chinese Pilgrim Hiuen Tsang.
6. He stayed there for several years.

1. One of the gifts of independence is the awakening of women of our country.
P. Besides, their talent is recognized and they are appointed to high posts in the State.
Q. Free India has seen women as Governors, Ministers and Ambassadors.
R. That is because our government is making efforts to raise their status.
S. Women have a bright future in independent India.
6. We even had a woman Prime Minister.

1. Grandpa had some old clothes.
P. But my mother took them out and kept them neatly folded in the cupboard again.
Q. So he threw them into the waste basket.
R. So he put the clothing into the family’s bag of items to donate to charity.
S. My mother found them and put them back in his basket.
6. Grandpa finally put the items in my mother’s mending basket and never saw them again.

1. Technology is meant for bringing comfort to the body and spirituality brings comfort to the mind.
P. But in India that never happened, religion has always encouraged Science.
Q. Scientists were persecuted.
R. Here religion and Philosophy were never isolated practices.
S. In the West, religion was always opposed to Science.
6. They intertwined with life, in music, art, drama, dance, painting and sculpture.

1. Mandela led the battle of freedom against slavery.
P. The way was fighting with non-violence and truth.
Q. He fought it in a unique way.
R. This struggle brought the racists down to the ground.
S. Many nations got their freedom in this way.
6. B u t some nations still wouldn’t get the desired freedom.

1. The Cinema is a very valuable teaching aid.
P. The Cinema is entertaining also .
Q. Historical films help the teacher of History.
R. Science can also be taught very effectively through Cinema.
S. Large number of people like social films.
6. Thus Cinema has a great impact on our society.

1. Rola Sleiman parked her car in the only empty spot outside Tripoli’s evangelical church.
P. But that’s not the only thing that makes her unique.
Q. She’s a pastor, and at 37, she’s younger than most of her colleagues.
R. It is a small sand-coloured building with a simple facade and large wooden doors in the middle of the city.
S. It was Sunday morning and, like every Sunday at around this time, Rola was headed to work.
6. Rola is also, as far as she knows, the only female pastor in Lebanon and perhaps even in the entire Middle East.

1. Our pleasures should be healthy so that they can impart a sense of well-being.
P. This applies very much to the passion for sports.
Q. Some people become slaves to an enthusiasm and regard it as their real and only pleasure in life.
R. It is quite possible that indulging this passion is doing them great harm.
S. Modern sports have become so exaggerated that they can damage and sometimes destroy one’s health.
6. An enthusiasm for violent sports may well dig an early grave for the participant.

1. The heart is the pump of life.
P. They have even succeeded in heart transplants.
Q. Now-a-days surgeons are able to stop a patient’s heart and carry out complicated operations.
R. A few years ago, it was impossible to operate on a patient whose heart was not working properly.
S. If the heart stops we die in about five minutes.
6. All this was made possible by the invention of the heart lung machine.

1. Researchers say that jogging alone is unhealthy.
P. It was found that communal joggers have double the number of brain cells as solo runners.
Q. These positive effects are suppressed when running occurs in isolation.
R. Experiments indicated that running alone stifles brain cell regeneration.
S. Experienced in a group, running stimulates brain cell growth.
6. However, joggers around the world should remember that jogging is healthier than the rat race.

1. In a first, a robotic exoskeleton device has enabled a 39year old former athlete, who had been completely paralysed for four years
P. This is the first time that a person with chronic, complete paralysis has regained enough voluntary control to actively work with a robotic device.
Q. The athlete’s leg movement also resulted in other health benefits.
R. to control his leg muscles and take thousands of steps.
S. In addition to the device, the man was aided by a novel non-invasive spinal stimulation technique that does not require surgery.
6. including improved cardio vascular function and muscle tone.

1. India is rapidly coming under the influence of western culture.
P. Earlier India had its own moral and social values.
Q. This change can be seen in our education system, marriages, food habits and daily routine.
R. But today they have changed enormously.
S. The effect of westernization is visible everywhere in India.
6. It may be harmful to forget our culture and values completely.

1. Katherine Mansfield was born in Wellington, New Zealand.
P. In 1908 she went back to the London which she felt to be her spiritual home.
Q. She was sent to Queen’s College School, London in her fifteenth year to ‘finish’ her education.
R. She remained there for four years.
S. Soon after returning to New Zealand, she became dissatisfied.
6. She hoped to make a literary career there.

1. The Pyramids are beautiful enormous structures.
P. A mummy is the dead body of a human being to which oils and spices have been applied to prevent it from decaying.
Q. They are the tombs of the old kings of Egypt who were called the Pharaohs.
R. These mummies were placed inside these great Pyramids.
S. The bodies of the Pharaohs were made into mummies when they died.
6. Near them, were placed, gold, silver, food, furniture and other things because it was believed that the mummies might require them after death.

1. A couple in my neighbour is known for shouting at each other.
P. With an apprehension of a serious fight between the two I went closer to the door and peeped in.
Q. I intended to calm them down.
R. I could guess both of them lay peacefully in their bed.
S. Last night at about 11 O’clock I could hear shrieks and sounds.
6. The fight was going on in a T.V. Serial on a channel.

1. Children like to celebrate their birthday.
P. In addition to birthday present s, t hey al so receive greetings.
Q. It provides an opportunity for them to enjoy themselves with their friends.
R. The birthday presents also add to their joy.
S. Nobody can deny that company of friends is joyful.
6. All these factors make birthday worth celebrating.

1. Designing is as natural to me as breathing.
P. It was then that I launched my own label.
Q. It’s been a good season so far.
R. But my career took off only after the birth of my second child.
S. Right now, I’m busy with my first store.
6. Next month, I’ll be going to New York.

1. The world leaders,
P. that the despotic regime will try to get
Q. by unleashing cruder violence that may come
R. gathered in the peace-conference, were unanimous in voicing their fears
S. over its palpable sense of insecutity
6. in the form of the use of chemical weapons.

1. Glorious tributes were paid
P. who, after fighting a battle with cancer,
Q. the original superstar of Bollywood
R. passed away last month
S. to the legendary Rajesh Khanna.
6. at his residence in Mumbai.

1. A volcano is an opening or rupture in a planet’s surface.
P. Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards.
Q. This opening allows magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface.
R. Volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft.
S. Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging.
6. Historically, so-called volcanic winters have caused catastrophic famines.

1. What gives some persons
P. torturing physical pain
Q. after experiencing
R. after the loss of a precious loved one
S. the power to fight on
6. day after day?

1. Though the government
P. the growth of population
Q. has undertaken a series of plans
R. and for raising the standard of living of the people
S. for economic development
6. has upset all the plans.

1. Without water
P. and consequently
Q. the oxygen content in the atmosphere
R. which carry out photosynthesis and release oxygen
S. there would be no animals or plants
6. would go down.

1. In recent years
P. primarily because purchasing
Q. has grown more intense
R. price competition in most industries
S. managers now exert much influence
6. over suppliers.

1. Right from
P. have been used as a measure of time
Q. prehistoric times
R. and have formed the basis of
S. the phases of the moon
6. the earliest calendar.

1. The internet is
P. a worldwide network
Q. that should not be
R. regulated or censored
S. by any one country
6. howsoever strong the temptation.

1. The watchman
P. and found two thieves
Q. woke up when
R. with black masks
S. he heard the dog barking
6. trying to get in.

1. Falcons have sharp angular wings
P. to dive sharply
Q. and allow them
R. to chase their prey
S. that give them the speed
6. to capture their victims

1. This summer was the most
P. to believe that next
Q. and we have reason
R. scorching in living memory,
S. year and the year after
6. will be hotter still