SSC CGL 2018 English Paper

1. Select the correct active form of the given sentence.
Heavy taxes have been imposed on luxury items by the government.

2. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
COVETOUS

3. Select the correctly spelt word.

4. Select the correct passive form of the given sentence.
She never trusted anyone.

5. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
TACITURN

6. Select the most appropriate meaning of the underlined idiom in the given sentence.
A mountaineer has (to walk the tight-rope) as a small slip can prove to be fatal.

7. Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order.
A. Then, they spread as the unmined coal starts burning with oxygen drawn from pores and mine shafts.
B. An entire township-Jharia is to be relocated because of the uncontrollable underground fires.
C. These fires start mostly from burning trash close to coal pits.
D. This is a grave threat as poisonous fumes of carbon monoxide rise up from underground fires.

8. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
The ship sailed smoothly owing to ………_ winds.

9. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select No improvement.
The big farmers (with deepest tube wells) still have water, but many others face a water crisis.

10. Select the most appropriate meaning of the underlined idiom in the given sentence.
The boss is going (to blow his top when he discovers the blatant mistake in the balance sheet.

11. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
MAMMOTH

12. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select No improvement.
Some agitating (miners allegation that there is) no emergency measures inside the mines.

13. Select the word which means the same as the group of words given.
A place for storing guns and military equipment

14. Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order.
A. But the rest of the students were rushing past her for a break, like she didn’t exist.
B. She slowly pushed open the library door and took a seat at one of the tables in the corner.
C. And today, Jessica really felt like may be she didn’t exist.
D. When the bell rang for lunch, Jessica took her lunch box and started moving towards the library.

15. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
A speech is certainly more effective than one which is verbose.

16. Select the word which means the same as the group of words given.
A place where fruit trees are grown.

17. In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error.
The length of a male swallow’s tail reveal his attractiveness for a female swallow.

18. In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error.
My father dissuaded me to try for a job as he wanted me to pursue higher studies.

19. Select the correctly spelt word.

20. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
CRUCIAL

Directions (21–25) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
Ironically, the dams that were constructed to (21) floods have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir. The (22) of water from dams during heavy rains aggravated the flood situation (23) Maharashtra and Gujarat in 2006. The floods (24) not only life and property but also caused soil erosion. Sedimentation (25) the plains of silt, a natural fertilizer.

Directions (21–25) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
Ironically, the dams that were constructed to (21) floods have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir. The (22) of water from dams during heavy rains aggravated the flood situation (23) Maharashtra and Gujarat in 2006. The floods (24) not only life and property but also caused soil erosion. Sedimentation (25) the plains of silt, a natural fertilizer.

Directions (21–25) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
Ironically, the dams that were constructed to (21) floods have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir. The (22) of water from dams during heavy rains aggravated the flood situation (23) Maharashtra and Gujarat in 2006. The floods (24) not only life and property but also caused soil erosion. Sedimentation (25) the plains of silt, a natural fertilizer.

Directions (21–25) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
Ironically, the dams that were constructed to (21) floods have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir. The (22) of water from dams during heavy rains aggravated the flood situation (23) Maharashtra and Gujarat in 2006. The floods (24) not only life and property but also caused soil erosion. Sedimentation (25) the plains of silt, a natural fertilizer.

Directions (21–25) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
Ironically, the dams that were constructed to (21) floods have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir. The (22) of water from dams during heavy rains aggravated the flood situation (23) Maharashtra and Gujarat in 2006. The floods (24) not only life and property but also caused soil erosion. Sedimentation (25) the plains of silt, a natural fertilizer.

1. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
EXALT

2. Select the correct active form of the given sentence.
Superstitions are still believed in by people.

3. Select the most appropriate meaning of the underlined idiom in the given sentence.
One must learn to prioritize in life. It never pays to (put the cart before the horse.)

4. Select the correct passive form of the given sentence.
It is time to serve dinner.

5. Select the most appropriate meaning of the bracket idiom in the given sentence.
His success at such a young age (speaks volumes) for his talent.

6. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
We should never ……..with the rules of driving.

Direction (7-11) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
The Bhopal gas tragedy has been described as the world’s (7) industrial disaster. Forty two tonnes of methyl-isocyanate (8) from the steel containers (9 ) the Union Carbide factory and released a cloud of (10) gas. It left a legacy of instant and (11) death

Direction (7-11) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
The Bhopal gas tragedy has been described as the world’s (7) industrial disaster. Forty two tonnes of methyl-isocyanate (8) from the steel containers (9 ) the Union Carbide factory and released a cloud of (10) gas. It left a legacy of instant and (11) death

Direction (7-11) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
The Bhopal gas tragedy has been described as the world’s (7) industrial disaster. Forty two tonnes of methyl-isocyanate (8) from the steel containers (9 ) the Union Carbide factory and released a cloud of (10) gas. It left a legacy of instant and (11) death

Direction (7-11) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
The Bhopal gas tragedy has been described as the world’s (7) industrial disaster. Forty two tonnes of methyl-isocyanate (8) from the steel containers (9 ) the Union Carbide factory and released a cloud of (10) gas. It left a legacy of instant and (11) death

Direction (7-11) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
The Bhopal gas tragedy has been described as the world’s (7) industrial disaster. Forty two tonnes of methyl-isocyanate (8) from the steel containers (9 ) the Union Carbide factory and released a cloud of (10) gas. It left a legacy of instant and (11) death

12. Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order.
A. The first of these states that the only way to have a friend is to be one.
B. Like all relationships, it is also governed by some well-defined principles.
C. Friendship is one of the most coveted relationships on earth.
D. Thus, one must be reliable as a friend to expect reliability in others.

13. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select No improvement.
She was (so tired to work any longer. )

14. Select the word which means the same as the group of words given.
That which cannot be satisfied

15. In the sentence indentify the segment which contains the grammatical error.
The child along with his parents were waiting for the programme to begin.

16. Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order.
A. But that is for an emotional reason.
B. Learning our mother tongue is important and everyone should start there.
C. This is because proficiency in the language can lead to better opportunities.
D. Learning English, however, is important for practical reasons.

17. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
EXTRAVAGANT

18. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select No improvement.
He made a desperate (but also partial successful effort ) to change the ghastly topic.

19. Select the word which means the same as the group of words given.
The act of looking back on past time

20. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
The accident victim………to his injuries before he could be taken to the hospital.

21. In the sentence indentify the segment which contains the grammatical error.
He is more smarter than his brother though he does not earn much money.

22. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
CONCISE

23. Select the correctly spelt word.

24. Select the correctly spelt word.

25. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
VIGILANT

1. Select the word which means the same as the group of words given.
A state of perfect balance

2. Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order.
A. So, I had thoughts of setting up an Indian restaurant there with my wife’s support.
B. It took us two months to redesign the place to suit our needs.
C. One of the things I really missed when I set up home in Maryland, was a restaurant that served authentic Indian food.
D. I decided to pursue this idea seriously and bought an old building in the downtown.

3. Select the most appropriate meaning of the idiom printed in bold in the given sentence.
Many people join politics (to feather their own nest.)

4. Select the correct passive form of the given sentence.
Credit cards are replacing cash transactions.

5. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
I sat ………..my life as nothing seemed to be working for me.

6. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
FOREIGN

7. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the bold segment in the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select No improvement.
Ishwarchand Vidyasagar (use the ancient text to suggestion) that widows could remarry.

8. Select the correct active form of the given sentence.
We were given very little time to prepare the presentation.

9. Select the most appropriate meaning of the idiom printed in bold in the given sentence.
The man heaved a sigh of relief when he was sure he was (out of the woods. )

10. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
DEVOUT

11. Select the correctly spelt word.

12. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
The roads at 15000 feet are not easily navigable and the air is ……. and freezing.

13. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
RENOWN

14. Select the correctly spelt word.

15. In the sentence identify the segment which contains grammatical error.
Not complying by any of the laws can land you into serious trouble.

16. Select the word which means the same as the group of words given.
One who walks in sleep

17. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the bold segment in the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select No improvement.
I have not (saw him since I last leave ) the town.

18. Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order.
A. Lyrics help in creating a distinctive narrative, some conventions of which have been carried over from the talkies era.
B. Thus, songs have outlived films in people’s memories.
C. However, songs seem to have acquired a musical grammar of their own, establishing an emotional chord with the listeners.
D. In popular Indian cinema, lyrics are to music what the heart is to the body.

19. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
ASCENT

Directions (20–24) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
English is not a language that (20 ) in India. But it is used extensively in (21) country. India comes second on the list of countries (22 ) most English speakers, albeit not as the first language. English is more (23) than any single Indian language! It has managed to (24) the entire world.

Directions (20–24) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
English is not a language that (20 ) in India. But it is used extensively in (21) country. India comes second on the list of countries (22 ) most English speakers, albeit not as the first language. English is more (23) than any single Indian language! It has managed to (24) the entire world.

Directions (20–24) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
English is not a language that (20 ) in India. But it is used extensively in (21) country. India comes second on the list of countries (22 ) most English speakers, albeit not as the first language. English is more (23) than any single Indian language! It has managed to (24) the entire world.

Directions (20–24) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
English is not a language that (20 ) in India. But it is used extensively in (21) country. India comes second on the list of countries (22 ) most English speakers, albeit not as the first language. English is more (23) than any single Indian language! It has managed to (24) the entire world.

Directions (20–24) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
English is not a language that (20 ) in India. But it is used extensively in (21) country. India comes second on the list of countries (22 ) most English speakers, albeit not as the first language. English is more (23) than any single Indian language! It has managed to (24) the entire world.

25. In the sentence identify the segment which contains grammatical error.
Raja Ravi Varma was one of the first artist who tried to create a style that was both modern and traditional.

1. Select the alternative that will improve the underlined part of the sentence in case there is no improvement select “No improvement”.
The flowers (Smell so sweetly) That I want to pluck them.

2. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
INTRICATE

3. Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order.
A. This network of stories is known in academic circles as ‘fiction’ or ‘imagined realities’.
B. However, an imagined reality is not a lie.
C. Over the years, people have woven an incredibly complex network of stories.
D. Within this network fiction not only exists but also accumulates immense power.

4. Select the corectly spelt word.

5. Select the word which means the same as the group of words given.
Incapable of being corrected

6. Choose the option that is the passive form of the sentence. A campus fire in California caused the death of at least twenty-three persons.

7. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
When you want to expand your vocabulary the best thing to do is to relate a known word with an………one and guess the meaning from the context.

8. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
ABSURD

9. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
In order to ______ to a new place you may need to adjust to the ways of that culture.

10. Select the most appropriate meaning of the underlined idiom in the given sentence.
Throughout his speech the crowd was (all ears. )

11. Select the most appropriate meaning of the underlined idiom in the given sentence.
Since he secured the first rank Sudhir has become (swollen-headed. )

Directions (12–16) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
Although a wild elephant, Chinna Thambi did not grow up entirely in the wild. For over the last (12) he has had easy (13) to food at Thadagam, a village surrounded by the Western Ghats near Coimbatore. Brick (14) tempted him with (15) of water and he loved the palm pith that was used as (16) for baking bricks.

Directions (12–16) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
Although a wild elephant, Chinna Thambi did not grow up entirely in the wild. For over the last (12) he has had easy (13) to food at Thadagam, a village surrounded by the Western Ghats near Coimbatore. Brick (14) tempted him with (15) of water and he loved the palm pith that was used as (16) for baking bricks.

Directions (12–16) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
Although a wild elephant, Chinna Thambi did not grow up entirely in the wild. For over the last (12) he has had easy (13) to food at Thadagam, a village surrounded by the Western Ghats near Coimbatore. Brick (14) tempted him with (15) of water and he loved the palm pith that was used as (16) for baking bricks.

Directions (12–16) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
Although a wild elephant, Chinna Thambi did not grow up entirely in the wild. For over the last (12) he has had easy (13) to food at Thadagam, a village surrounded by the Western Ghats near Coimbatore. Brick (14) tempted him with (15) of water and he loved the palm pith that was used as (16) for baking bricks.

Directions (12–16) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
Although a wild elephant, Chinna Thambi did not grow up entirely in the wild. For over the last (12) he has had easy (13) to food at Thadagam, a village surrounded by the Western Ghats near Coimbatore. Brick (14) tempted him with (15) of water and he loved the palm pith that was used as (16) for baking bricks.

17. Choose the option that is the active form of the sentence.
It was decided by the members that the report would be placed before the Chairman for his comments.

18. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
ACQUIT

19. Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order.
A. If the mixture becomes too thick add more milk.
B. Finally, add sugar and nuts, and your kheer is ready.
C. Boil milk in a heavy-bottomed pan and add rice.
D. Cook for about twenty minutes stirring every once in a while till the mixture thickens.

20. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
ASSIST

21. Select the word which means the same as the group of words given.
That which cannot be heard

22. Select the correctly spelt word.

23. Identify the segment in the sentence, which contains the grammatical error.
The reduction in the cost of education due to an increase in subsidies offer by the government is also seen as a reason to get more educated.

24. Select the alternative that will improve the underlined part of the sentence in case there is no improvement select “No improvement”
I am (very much pleased) to see you here today.

25. Identify the segment in the sentence, which contains the grammatical error.
“Unless you did not do your homework you will be punished,” said the teacher.

1. In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error.
There is many modes of travel to go to Agra but I prefer road travel.

2. Select the most appropriate meaning of the underlined idiom in the given sentence. Raju was (playing with fire) when he made speeches against the management.

3. Select the word which means the same as the group of words given.
One who does not tire easily

4. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
SCANTY

5. Select the correct passive form of the given sentence.
They opened a new mall nearby last month.

6. Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order.
A. When we can’t laugh at the same joke again, why should we cry over the sa me problems?
B. One day he told them a joke and everyone roared with laughter.
C. People came to a wise man to complain about the same problems every time.
D. When he repeated the joke twice, nobody laughed anymore.

7. Select the correctly spelt word.

8. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
ADEPT

9. Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order.
A. The market which has remained clogged with vehicles was all clear for pedestrians.
B. The road has even been marked with stripes demarcating space for hawkers.
C. It is also lined with beautiful potted plants to give it a green look.
D. Visitors to the busy Karol Bagh market in Delhi were in for a surprise.

10. Select the most appropriate meaning of the underlined idiom in the given sentence.
The authorities have (turned a deaf ear) to all our requests.

Directions (11-15) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
He remembers the first time he saw the elephant. “This was in 2007 at a (11) called Thanni Paarai. Chinna Thambi was (12) water on himself at a waterbody. The (13) was green; not the kind people would drink, “says Abraham. “After a nice shower, the elephant walked (14) to a rock, lifted it, and drank from a (15) under it.”

Directions (11-15) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
He remembers the first time he saw the elephant. “This was in 2007 at a (11) called Thanni Paarai. Chinna Thambi was (12) water on himself at a waterbody. The (13) was green; not the kind people would drink, “says Abraham. “After a nice shower, the elephant walked (14) to a rock, lifted it, and drank from a (15) under it.”

Directions (11-15) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
He remembers the first time he saw the elephant. “This was in 2007 at a (11) called Thanni Paarai. Chinna Thambi was (12) water on himself at a waterbody. The (13) was green; not the kind people would drink, “says Abraham. “After a nice shower, the elephant walked (14) to a rock, lifted it, and drank from a (15) under it.”

Directions (11-15) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
He remembers the first time he saw the elephant. “This was in 2007 at a (11) called Thanni Paarai. Chinna Thambi was (12) water on himself at a waterbody. The (13) was green; not the kind people would drink, “says Abraham. “After a nice shower, the elephant walked (14) to a rock, lifted it, and drank from a (15) under it.”

Directions (11-15) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
He remembers the first time he saw the elephant. “This was in 2007 at a (11) called Thanni Paarai. Chinna Thambi was (12) water on himself at a waterbody. The (13) was green; not the kind people would drink, “says Abraham. “After a nice shower, the elephant walked (14) to a rock, lifted it, and drank from a (15) under it.”

16. Select the correctly spelt word.

17. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
INITIATE

18. Select the correct active form of the given sentence.
By whom were you taught Mathematics?

19. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence.nIf no substitution is required, select No improvement.
When we went to the cinema yesterday, (the film had already start. )

20. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
PROLONG

21. Select the word which means the same as the group of words given.
Incapable of being read

22. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
Following detailed deliberations, the meeting has been ……till next week

23. In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error.

24. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank. Hima Das, the reigning world junior sprinter who……the national record, won the gold in the Federation Cup.

25. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence.
If no substitution is required, select ‘No improvement’.
( I am think that tomorrow I will take) leave and stay at home

1. Select the correct active form of the given sentence.
He was given a book for his birthday.

2. In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error.
The cost of fruits and vegetables have risen abnormally this month.

3. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the bold segment in the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select No improvement.
Meera (has a friend who parents live) in Dubai.

4. Select the word which means the same as the group of words given.
Too unimportant to consider

5. Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order.
A. Its value is linked to what it is being used for.
B. Such questions often baffle you.
C. How emotional should one get about money and its value?
D. Money on its own has no value, until you have some use for it.

6. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the bold segment in the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select No improve-ment.
Applications (are to be sent to) the Principal before 30th May.

7. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
It is hard to conceive of a more–––– route than the one that this determined traveller chose to follow.

8. Select the correct passive form of the given sentence.
The artist played the violin.

9. Select the word which means the same as the group of words given.
That which can be drawn into a thin wire

10. Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order.
A. Only natural dyes are used in Kalamkari and it involves several steps.
B. There are two distinctive styles of Kalamkari in India.
C. They are the Sri Kalahasti style and the Machlipatnam style.
D. Kalamkari is a type of handpainted or blockprinted cotton textile, produced in the Indian States of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

11. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
OBSTACLE

Select the correctly spelt word.

Select the correctly spelt word.

14. In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error.
Cows are amongst the gentlest of animals; none shows more passionate tenderness towards their young.

15. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
Charlie Chaplin’s rise to fame paralleled the –––––– growth of Hollywood movies in the first decades of the century.

16. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
ENDEAVOUR

Select the most appropriate meaning of the bold idiom in the given sentence.
17. The idea of making a children’s park has been (nipped in the bud) by the local council.

Select the most appropriate meaning of the bold idiom in the given sentence.
18. We now have an ex-Minister (in the running) from our constituency for the post of Member of Parliament.

Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
WEAKNESS

Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
TYRANT
(1) patron
(2) benefactor
(3) champion
(4) rival

Directions (21 25) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
M. Ananda Kumar, scientist, Nature Conservation Foundation says that elephants are “engineers of the eco-system. He explains : they are seed (21). Forests without (22) have been observed to not have young (23) at all. This is because (24) species disperse seeds only through elephants.” The animals are phenomenal at (25) themselves to new ecological conditions and negotiating a problem.

Directions (21 25) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
M. Ananda Kumar, scientist, Nature Conservation Foundation says that elephants are “engineers of the eco-system. He explains : they are seed (21). Forests without (22) have been observed to not have young (23) at all. This is because (24) species disperse seeds only through elephants.” The animals are phenomenal at (25) themselves to new ecological conditions and negotiating a problem.

Directions (21 25) : In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.
M. Ananda Kumar, scientist, Nature Conservation Foundation says that elephants are “engineers of the eco-system. He explains : they are seed (21). Forests without (22) have been observed to not have young (23) at all. This is because (24) species disperse seeds only through elephants.” The animals are phenomenal at (25) themselves to new ecological conditions and negotiating a problem.