SSC Kiran English 13000+ chapter wise book pdf

. (c) or will replace and because –
either or , neither-nor are correct forms of Correlative Conjunctions , used for showing the relationship between two things or two terms that are different from each other.
and (Conj.) is used for showing the relationship between two things/ situations that exist together.

. (c) affect will replace effect because –
effect (Verb) : to make something happen; to bring about
affect (Verb) : to produce a change in somebody/ something

. (a) good will replace better because –
the pattern used with as — as (Adv.) is as follows :
as + Adj. (in Positive Degree) + as
good Positive Degree (no comparison is made) better Comparative Degree (two things are compared)
best Superlative Degree (more than two things are compared)
as — as used for expressing similarity between one person/ thing and another.

. (a) from will replace with because –
from (Prep.) is used for showing somebody’s point of view
from one’s point of view : as far as one is concerned

. (b) help will replace helped because –
do/ does/ did (Aux. V.) is used when no other Aux. V.
is Present, to emphasize what you are saying.
The pattern used with do/ does/ did is as follows : do/ does/ did + Main Verb (Base form) did + help (Base form) of help (Verb) will be used.
Look at the examples given below :
He does look tired.
She did at least write to say thank you. I do want to be sure.
Hence, we did help the poor is the right usage

. (a) acceptable will replace accepted/ by will replace
to because –
accepted (Verb) : to agree/ approve of something acceptable (Adj.) : agreed/ approved by most people in a society; agreeable; capable of being accepted Look at the examples given below :
The princess accepted the offer. (Active Voice)
The offer was accepted by the princess. (Passive Voice) The offer was acceptable to the princess.
Hence, acceptable to/ accepted by will be used. Hence, Unless it is accepted by/ acceptable to both the parties, an is the right usage

. (c) tried will replace tries because –
The Principal clause is in Past Tense and the sentence expresses a past action.
Look at the examples given below :
The teacher told us that he would take us for a picnic next day.
Hence, are bound to affect the export sector is the right usage

. (c) were will replace was because –
The various consequences (Main Subject ) is in Plural . Hence, the Verb will also be in Plural as a Verb agrees with its Subject in Number .
Singular Subject Singular Verb (Main Verb + S) Plural Subject Plural Verb (Main Verb without S) Look at the examples given below :
The number of volunteers grows
Singular Subject Singular Verb each year.
A number of people grow
Plural Subject Plural Verb tomatoes each summer.
Hence, finance ministry were not foreseen by the bureaucrats is the right usage.

. (c) do (Aux. V.) will not be used because –
Each clause has to be structured in a way that is a complete sentence on its own.
Look at the structure below :
I never considered him to be a person who would go back on his promise. (Sentence I)
I never considered him to be a person who would not even apologize. (Sentence II)
Combining the two sentences –
I never considered him to be person who would go back on his promise and not even apologise.
Hence, not even apologise is the right usage. Use of –
would do not even apologize is incorrect.

. (c) of (Prep.) will be used after search because
in search of (Idiom) : looking for
Look at the examples given below :
They went to California in search of gold.
She went into the kitchen in search of a drink. Hence, in search of some job is the right usage

. (c) at will replace to because –
We usually say that someone arrives at a place/ arrives in a country/ city
Look at the examples given below:
We arrived at the station at o’clock. The President arrived in Rome today. Use of arrive to is incorrect.
Hence, at our destination is the right usage.

. (c) are will be used after accidents because –
The sentence is in Passive Voice . The basic structure of a Passive clause is as follows :
Subject + Aux. Verb + Main Verb + by + —
Many accidents (be) are caused by —-
(Past Participle)
It is also a general statement, hence, the Aux. Verb will be used in Simple Present Tense .
Hence, many accidents are caused by reckless driving is the right usage

. (d) No error

. (b) with will replace on because –
angry (Adj.) : feeling or showing anger (usually followed by at , with , or about (Prep.)

. (b) had I will replace I had because –
When a negative Adverb/ Adverbial Expression (no sooner, hardly/ barely/ scarcely), is used at the beginning of a clause; it is followed by Aux. Verb + Subject .

. (c) more will replace much because –
more (Adv.) : in addition; to a greater extent (needs to be done/ is desired)
more Comparative Degree much Positive Degree most Superlative Degree

. (c) In/ from will replace into because –
in (Prep.) is used for indicating within a place
from (Prep. ) is used for indicating source/ origin into (Prep.) is used for indicating entry, inclusion, or introduction in a place

. (a) either will be used after tell me because either — or is the right pair of correlative Conjunction like neither — nor .
It shows a relationship between two things or two situations.
Either comes after the Verb when the two actions mentioned are similar (they share the same Verb) Either comes before the Verb when the two actions
mentioned are different.

. (c) for will replace since because –
for (Prep.) indicates a length of time
Since (Prep.) indicates a past time until a later time, or until now

. (c) by will replace with because –
by (Prep.) is used for indicating the agent/ object after a Passive Verb
Agent/ Object his friend Passive Verb accompanied
With (Prep.) indicates being in the company of

. (b) away will not be used because–
to pass away (Phr. V.) : to die; end
to pass time : to spend time, especially when you are bored or waiting for something/ someone
to pass (Verb) means to move past

. (c) to enter will replace entering because –
The to-Infinitive (Main Verb) : functions as a Noun, as Adjective, or an Adverb.
In this sentence,
permitted to enter , to enter is the direct object , the Noun that receives the action of the Verb (Permitted).
To enter refers to a thing being done, or, desired to be done
Hence, to enter the park is the right usage

. (b) contains will replace contain because –
The fifth and final act (Main Subject) is in Singular . Hence, the Verb will also be in Singular as a Verb agrees with its Subject in Number .
Singular Subject Singular Verb (Main Verb + S) Plural Subject Plural Verb (Main Verb without S) Look at the example given below:
The great poet and scholar is dead.
Here, scholar and poet refer to the same man.
So, the Subject is in Singular and the Verb is also in Singular.
Hence, of Macbeth contains is the right usage.

. (c) was will replace are because–
when a Plural Noun is placed with a real Singular Subject (one, each, etc.) with of, the Verb will be Singular .

. (d) No error

. (a) have seen will replace saw because –
Since (Prep.) : from a time in the past until a later past time, or until now, used with the Present Perfect or Past Perfect Tense.

. (a) The will be used before Tea because –
Here, we are talking about a particular tea , followed by a Relative Pronoun (which) .
The sentence can also be written as –
The tea I am drinking is hot (tea-definite)

. (a) the will be used before poor because – the (Def. Art.) is used with Adjectives to refer to a thing or a group of people described by the Adj.

. (b) hearing will replace hear because – Phrasal Verbs are always followed by Gerunds. Here, look forward to is a Phr. V.

. (c) at will replace by because –
Shocked always agrees with at (Prep.)
at is used with Adjectives for showing the cause of something.
Look at the examples given below :
They were impatient at the delay. She was delighted at the result.
Here, shocked is the Adj. and it is indicating the
Cause (reason) of the actress’s shock.
Hence, at the news of her dog’s death is the right usage

. (d) No error

. (b) the will replace a because – here, we are talking about a particular/ definite/ specific doctor.

. (c) attracts will replace attract because –
The introduction of job – oriented courses (Main Subject) is in Singular . Hence, the Verb will also be in Singular , as a Verb agrees with its Subject in Number . Singular Subject Singular Verb (Main Verb + S) Plural Subject Plural Verb (Main Verb without S)
Hence, attracts many students is the right usage.

. (c) to lose/ lose will replace losing because – the basic pattern is as follows :
to Inf. + than + to Inf./ Inf. (without to)
to keep than to lose lose
Look at the examples given below :
It is better to be hated for what you are than to be hated / be hated what you are not.
It is better to beg for forgiveness than to ask/ ask for permission
Hence, to lose/ lose one’s courage is the right usage

. (c) more than will not be used because – exceed and more than mean the same. Use of more than is superfluous.
Look at the examples given below :
The essay should not exceed words.
The essay should not be more than words. The sentence can also be written thus –
The short story should not be more than two hundred words.

. (d) No error
The basic structure will be as follows :
to-Inf. + than + Inf. (without to)/ to Inf.
to die than live/ to live
Look at the examples given below :
It is better to give than receive/ to receive.
It is better to rent than buy/ to buy.

. (b) am will replace is because –
when the Subject of the Verb is a Relative Pronoun (who), the Verb (is) agrees in Number and Person with the Antecedent of the Rel. Pro.
A Noun/ Pronoun which comes before a Rel. Pro. is called Antecedent .
Here, I is the Antecedent of who (Rel. Pro.) with I
so, am is used.
Hence, who am to blame is the right usage.

. (c) had left will replace left because –
when two actions happen in the past , it is necessary to show which action happened earlier than the other. The earlier action is expressed in Past Perfect tense and the later action in Simple Past .

. (d) No error
Look at the examples given below :
If you had come yesterday, you would have enjoyed
the party.
If you had asked him, he would have told you everything.

. (c) page after page will replace pages after pages because –
when words are repeated, they are always used in Singular .

. (c) also will come after but because –
like either — or , neither — nor , not only — but also
are the right Correlatives .
Look at the examples given below :
He is not only wise but also kind.
John plays not only drum but also flute.
not only — but also is used for emphasizing that something is also true.
Hence, but also on how you have written them is the right usage

. (c) from going will replace to go because –
from (Prep.) is used for showing that something is prevented.
The structure will be as follows :
Subject + Prevent/ ed + from + Present Participle
Heavy rain prevented from going ——-
Look at the examples given below :
She saved him from drowning.
Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice.
Hence, from going to the cinema is the right usage

. (c) will replace would because –
When the Conditional Clause begins with If, the structure of the sentence will be as follows :

. (c) fined will replace have to pay a fine because – The sentence is in Passive Voice .
Look at the examples given below : Mary mailed the letter . (Active Voice)
Subject Verb Object
(Simple Past)
The letter was mailed by Mary . (Passive Voice)
Subject Aux. + Past Part. Object
The ballots have been counted . (Passive Voice)
Subject Aux. + Verb + Past Part. (by them)
They have counted the ballots. (Active Voice)
Subject Aux. + Verb Object (Pr. Per. Tense)
Moreover, stopped , ticketed are in Passive and hence, have to pay a fine should also be in Passive,
i.e. fined .

. (b) Supposing that he failed/ If he failed will replace
Supposing if he fails because – Supposing and if cannot be used together. The basic structure is as follows :
If + Condition + Result
Simple Past would + base Verb
If + failed would + do
Look at the examples given below :
If he were poor, would you marry him ?
Supposing that you try hard it might work.

. (b) in finding will replace to find because –
when a Noun (difficulty) is used with a Prep. (in), the to Inf . will not be used, -ing form (Gerund) of the Base Verb (find) will be used.
Look at the following examples :
We must take advantage of being a normal human being.
Noun Prep. Verb (Gerund)
He is in doubt about buying the correct software.
Noun Prep. Verb (Gerund)

. (b) is will replace are because –
when the Subject is separated from the Verb by expressions like – as well as, along with , etc.
The Subject is considered to be in Singular . Hence, Singular Verb will be used.
Look at the examples given below :
The politician, along with the journalist, is expected tomorrow.
Excitement, as well as nervousness, is the cause of her stutter.
Note : It is suggested that commas be used at the right places.
Hence, is necessary is the right usage.

. (b) where the marriage hall was will replace where was the marriage hall because –

. (d) No error

. (c) was will replace were because –
When words are joined by with , together with , as well as, etc. the Verb agrees with the first Subject . Hence, Singular Verb was will be used.
Look at the examples given below :
The Prime Minister with all the members of his cabinet has arrived.
Vibha as well as her friends was punished.
Hence, was present at the function is the right usage.

. (b) when will replace than because –
hardly , barely , scarcely , etc. are followed by when
and not than .
No sooner is followed by than .
Look at the examples given below :
Hardly had I arrived home when my phone rang. Scarcely had she finished reading when she fell asleep. Hence, I arrived when is the right usage.

. (c) that will replace because –
After clauses beginning with The reason why/ The reason , the clause containing the reason will not begin with because. It will begin with that .
Look at the examples given below :
The reason why we were late is that there was a traffic accident.
The reason we left early was that we had to attend a party.
Hence, was that he was too young is the right usage

. (b) about will not be used because –
how (Adv.) : in what way or manner.
Both about and how are not used together.
Look at the examples given below :
They discussed about the party.
They discussed how to organise the party. Hence, met to discuss is the right usage

. (d) No error

. (a) first two will replace two first because –

. (c) he fell asleep will replace he had fallen asleep because –
the structure with since will be as follows : It has been + period of time + since
two hours since Here, Simple Past Tense -fell will be used. Look at the examples given below :
Two months have passed since I last saw her.
Verb (Simple Past)
Three years have passed since the last earthquake
took place.
Verb (Simple Past)

. (b) the car was sent by the driver will replace the driver sent the car because –
there is a subject mismatch in this sentence. It looks as if the driver was broken down.
The sentence can also be like this –
The car having broken down, the driver sent it to the garage.

. (b) have will replace has because –
When one of is followed by a Noun/ Pronoun , the Noun/ Pronoun is considered as Antecedent and the Verb is used accordingly.
Here, writers (Noun) has been used after one of, writers is in Plural, hence, the Verb will also be in Plural .
Look at the example given below :
She is one of those residents who have fought for their membership.
Here, residents (Noun) has been used after one of, So, it is the Antecedent of Relative Pronoun -who. It is in plural , hence, the Verb will also be in Plural . Hence, who have won acclaim is the right usage

. (c) rather will replace except because –
rather : instead of
except : only.
Look at the examples given below :
She made students think for themselves rather tell them what to think.
Our dresses were the same except mine it was red. Hence, rather give the order is the right usage

. (c) recover will replace return because –
recover (Verb) : to get well again after being ill/ sick/ hurt
return (Verb) : to come or go back from one place to another
Look at the examples given below :
I returned from work to find the house empty. He is still recovering from his operation.
Hence, to catch up when they recover is the right usage

. (b) when will replace than because.
scarcely , hardly , barely are followed by when Look at the examples given below :
We had scarcely sat down at the table, when the phone rang.
The sentence can also be written like this –
Scarcely had we sat down at the table, when the phone rang.
Hence, nervous and tense, when the plane took off
is the right usage

. (b) between differences will not be used because – use of distinguish between differences is superfluous. Here, distinguish (Verb) itself means to recognise the difference between two people or things; differentiate.
Look at the examples given below :
It was hard to distinguish one twin from the other. It was hard to find the difference between one twin and the other.

. (c) I like will replace I’m liking because –
like (Verb) is a word used for expressing emotion. It is not used in Progressive/ Continuous form . Look at the examples given below :
I am liking peanuts. (×) I like peanuts. ( )
Hence, but I’m liking her a lot is the right usage

. (b) had enjoyed will replace enjoyed because – the basic form in this sentence is as follows : Subject + had + Verb
We had enjoyed. (Past Participle Form)
Look at the examples given below :
I had written the letter before you came home. I wish I had been brave enough.
Hence, that we had enjoyed very much is the right usage.

. (a) hard will replace hardly because – hardly (Adv.) : almost no/ not/ none but hard (Adj.) : needing/ using effort. Look at the examples given below :
It is a hard shoveling snow. There is hardly any tea left.
Hence, John is working very hard is the right usage.

. (a) has eaten will replace ate because –
Since is used with the Present/ Past Perfect Tense that indicates a time from the past until a later past time, or until now
Look at the examples given below :
I haven’t eaten since breakfast.
He has been working in a bank since leaving school. Hence, He has eaten is the right usage

. (c) a will be used before glimmer because –
when you mention something for the first time, we use a/ an (Indef. Art.).
Look at the examples given below :
I have a problem.
Do you have a solution to this ?
Hence, a glimmer of hope for the malarial researchers is the right usage

. (c) what I wanted will replace what do I want because –
in Indirect Speech , an interrogative sentence is converted into Assertive Sentence in which the Subject is used before the Verb.

. (b) is will replace are because –
The ebb and flow refers to a single Subject , So the
Verb will be Singular .

. (d) No error

. (b) incredible will replace incredulous because – incredulous (Adj.) : not willing or not able to believe something
incredible (Adj.) : unbelievable; very difficult to believe
Look at the examples given below :
It was an incredible story.
There was a brief, incredulous silence.
Hence, it is incredible to think is the right usage

. (b) non-flammable will replace inflammable because –
inflammable (Adj.) : liable to catch fire easily non-flammable (Adj.) : not likely to burn easily Look at the examples given below :
We should always use clothes that are non-flammable . These gases are highly inflammable .
Hence, non-inflammable clothing is the right usage

. (a) besides will replace beside because – beside (Prep.) : at the side of and besides (Prep.) : in addition to; apart from Look at the examples given below :
He sat beside her all night.
We have lots of things in common besides music Hence, Besides food is the right usage.

. (a) from will be used before chicken pox because –
Suffer (Verb) is followed by from (Prep.) Look at the examples given below :
He suffers from asthma. ( ) He suffers asthma. (×)
Hence, Adults suffering from chicken pox is the right usage

. (b) practise will replace practice because – practice is a Noun and practise is a Verb. practice (Noun) : a habit; a repeated exercise practise (Verb) : to do frequently; carry out an action Look at the examples given below :
It was his practice to walk five miles every day. She practises the piano daily.
Hence, had to practise for several hours a day is the right usage

. (b) foreword will replace forward because –
a foreword , is a short introduction at the beginning of a book written by somebody other than the author. Look at the examples given below :
He was asked to write a foreword for her book. They ran forward to welcome her.
Hence, to write a fore word is the right usage

. (a) compliment will replace complement because – compliment (Verb) : to express admiration of; congratulate
complement (Verb) : to add to/ make complete
If one thing complements another, the two things increase each other’s good qualities when they are brought together.
If you compliment someone, you tell him that you admire him.

. (c) among will replace between because – between is used when only two persons or things are involved.
among expresses a relationship when more than two persons/ things are involved.
Look at the examples given below :
She had to choose between work and her family. He divided his money among his brothers and sisters. Hence, among the four girls is the right usage

. (c) personnel will replace personal because – personnel (Noun) is used for people employed by or active in an organization, a business, or service personal (Adj.) is related to a particular person
Look at the examples given below :
This is my personal opinion.
We have advertised for extra security personnel .
Personnel is a Plural Noun .
Hence, was carrying some army personnel is the right usage.

. (b) ascent will replace assent because –
ascent (Noun) : an upward slope; the process/ act of going upward but
assent (Noun) : to express agreement or acceptance, as of a proposal
Look at the examples given below :
The director has given her assent to the proposals. The cart began its gradual ascent up the hill.
Hence, found the ascent of the mountain is the right usage.

. (b) the will be used before worst
comes to the worst will replace comes to worst
because –
worst (Adj.) is the Superlative Degree of
bad (Positive Degree ) and worse (comparative Degree) and the (Def. Art. ) is used with a Superlative Degree .
if the worst comes to the worst (Idiom) : if the situation becomes too difficult or dangerous.
Look at the examples given below :
If the worst comes to the worst , we’ll just have to sell the house.
If the worst comes to the worst , we’ll have to give them our bed and sleep on the floor.

. (b) principal will replace principle because – principle (Noun) : a general rule that someone’s behaviour or idea is based on
Principal (Adj.) : a chief/ important person/ thing
Look at the examples given below :
His principal interest in life was money.
We follow the principle that everyone should be treated equally.
Hence, analyse thoroughly the principal causes is the right usage

. (c) furniture will replace furnitures because –
furniture is an Uncountable Noun . It is not used in the Plural .
Look at the examples given below :
We are going to get new furniture for the living room.
() We are going to get new furnitures for the living room.(×) Hence, and the teak-wood furniture of Dutch design is the right usage.

. (c) really will replace real because –
really (Adv.) is used for emphasizing an Adjective/ Adverb
Look at the examples given below :
She was driving really fast. I am really sorry.
Hence, really good is the right usage.

. (b) a little rain will replace little rain because – little
is a Negative Adj. and means not much
a little is an Affirmative Adj. that means some
Look at the examples given below : He had little money. (not much money) He had a little money. (some money)
Hence, there was a little rain is the right usage.

. (b) earlier will replace early because –
The comparison between the two (the cashier and the accountant) is evident. So, the Comparative Degree of early (Adj.) will be used.
early earlier earliest
Positive Comparative Superlative Look at the examples given below : This puzzle is easier than that one.
The book was more interesting than the film. Hence, earlier that day is the right usage

. (c) married to will replace married with because
married (Verb) agrees with to (Prep.) Look at the example given below :
Her daughter was married to a fisherman.
Hence, and the other is married to a minister is the right usage

. (c) should we still recast the plans will replace should we still have to recast the plans because –
Where the tense in the Supposing that clause is in Simple Present , the tense in the Main clause will be in Simple Future using Modal Verbs like will, may, might, could or should .
Look at the examples given below : Supposing that it rains, you will get wet.
Supposing that you don’t feel better tomorrow, you
should go and see the doctor.

. (b) a few will replace few because –
few (Adj.) is used with Plural Nouns and a Plural Verb to mean not many.
a few (Adj.) is also used with Plural Nouns and a
Plural Verb to mean a small number/ some
Look at the examples given below : Very few students learn Sanskrit now. I need a few things from the store.
Hence, fool a few unwary customers is the right usage.

. (a) had will replace has because –
The use of as if, indicates an unreal situation in the present. So, it will be followed by Past Conditional Tense .
Look at the examples given below :
He looks as if he knew the answer. (He gives the impression that he knows the answer, but he (probably doesn’t know it.)
He behaves as if nothing had happened .
Hence, she pretends as if she had is the right usage

. (c) is will replace are because –
The Verb of a sentence always agrees with the Subject of the sentence, not with the object of a preposition . Here, knowledge is the Subject of the sentence, two languages is the Object of of (Prep.)
Look at the examples given below :
The car with many riders was speeding towards us. ( )
Singular Prep. Obj. of with Singular Verb Noun (Prep.)
The car with many riders were speeding towards us.
Hence, is required to pass the examination is the right usage

. (b) at will replace upon because –
shout at : to say something in a loud voice
Look at the examples given below : She shouted at him for spilling the milk. He shouted at her to shut the gate.
Hence, shout at the minister is the right usage

. (a) All will replace Everyone of because – Everyone (Pro.) is used for every person or all people but All (Det.) is used with Plural Nouns and refers to the whole number of
The Verb (are) is also in Plural and a Subject agrees with the Verb used.
Look at the examples given below : All the people you invited are coming.
Subject Plural Noun Plural Verb
The police questioned everyone in the room. Hence, All the films is the right usage

. (d) No error.

. (b) than will replace when because –
No sooner – than is the correct Correlative .
No sooner introduces the event that occurred first.
Look at the examples given below :
No sooner had I closed my eyes than I fell asleep .
First Event Next Event
No sooner did I arrived at the station than the train came.
First Event Next Event.
Hence, than it began is the right usage

. (b) comprises/ is comprised of will replace
comprises of because –
comprise (Verb) : consist of
Look at the examples given below :
The collection comprises paintings.
The collection is comprised of paintings. The collection consists of paintings.

. (c) feet will replace two legs because –
stand on one’s own feet (Idiom) : to be independent and able to take care of yourself.
Look at the examples given below :
When his parents died, he had to learn to stand on his own feet.
You have to learn to stand on your own feet and not always listen to your friends.